Hakvag says
feminist theorists may be hesitant to blur the distinctions between sexuality
and coercion because “perhaps an examination of sexual coercion and
internalization of submission within heterosexuality hits too close to home and
heterosexual feminists’ own practices” (122). For me personally, I think this
statement rings true. As we discussed in our group work on Wednesday,
reexamining what defines “normative heterosexuality” often becomes deeply
personal because despite sexual identity, we are defined by (and act according
to) the constructs of normative heterosexuality. This is not to say that some bodies
do not act outside of these constructs, either, but it is essential to address
how dominant heteronormative ideas shape identities, relationships, and
discourses. Hakvag points to a particular discourse that’s emerging called
“gray rape” where consent is unclear by both partners. She argues that this
speaks to the need for a re-examination of coercion and normative heterosexual
sex beyond just pointing out their blatant intersections; we need to address
the root of the cause. I’m thinking about the ways heterosexual interactions
are structured around coercion, or are perhaps even “inherently” coercive.
Hakvag mentions a few, such as dating behavior and the pursuit sexual activity
by men. Traister, in her article “The Game is Rigged”, echoes these examples,
and furthers Hakvag’s argument that sexual coercion is deeply gendered.
Clearly, coercion does not just exist exclusively within heterosexual
relationships or heterosexual sex, but I am interested in the discussion of how
it exists outside of sex and in other areas of our lives. Are other forms of
coercion “distinctly gendered” within a patriarchal, heteronormative structure
and how are they normalized? Traister says we need to “broaden the scope” (of
sexual equality), because sex should be more than just consent. But can we even
talk about sexual equality if we do not address the vast inequalities that
exist within a deeply hierarchal, pervasively normalizing system? I would hope
that these conversations could co-exist, the ideas of complicating consent and thinking
about “better”/more equitable sex, but I’m not sure how effective (or even
possible) this is without critiquing the “cultural scaffolding” that
encompasses them.
You bring up excellent questions. In particular, I am drawn to your question of whether there “are other forms of coercion ‘distinctly gendered’ within a patriarchal, heteronormative structure” and furthermore, the question of “how are they normalized” in our culture. I think there are many instances which we can use examples to support the idea that coercion is gendered beyond sexual activity. Homosexual relationships are showing us now more than ever that it is possible to have an equal relationship between partners, that relationships are not inherently imbalanced. It would be interesting to examine the types of coercion women have been subjected to over time (and even men, too) and how they have evolved. For example, one topic worth considering is the fact that women are becoming increasingly more present in workplaces and public spheres, how has this affected the power dynamics within heterosexual relationships? How has the power shifted? Do women experience less coercion because of their increasing sense of independence, or does the (gendered) coercion simply shift from one area of their relationship to another (say, financials)? Personally, I don’t think total sexual equality is possible, or even imaginable, until we are able to recognize and address the various gender inequalities that exist.
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